Iraqi Minister of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities Ahmed Fakak Al-Badrani and President Abdul Latif Rashid hold a press conference concerning the handover of the Iraqi artefacts borrowed by Britain a hundred years ago, at the Baghdad International Airport, in Baghdad, Iraq, May 9, 2023. REUTERS/Ahmed Saad 

Iraqi President Abdul Latif Rashid speaks during a press conference concerning the handover of the Iraqi artefacts borrowed by Britain a hundred years ago, at the Baghdad International Airport, in Baghdad, Iraq, May 9, 2023. REUTERS/Ahmed Saad 

Iraqi President Abdul Latif Rashid speaks during a press conference concerning the handover of the Iraqi artefacts borrowed by Britain a hundred years ago, at the Baghdad International Airport, in Baghdad, Iraq, May 9, 2023. REUTERS/Ahmed Saad 

U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen holds a roundtable with finance ministers from borrower and shareholder countries to discuss "ways to maintain momentum to evolve the multilateral development banks to better meet current challenges" at the International Monetary Fund Building, in Washington, D.C., U.S. April 12, 2023. REUTERS/Ken Cedeno 

U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen holds a roundtable with finance ministers from borrower and shareholder countries to discuss "ways to maintain momentum to evolve the multilateral development banks to better meet current challenges" at the International Monetary Fund Building, in Washington, D.C., U.S. April 12, 2023. REUTERS/Ken Cedeno 

World Bank President David Malpass attends a roundtable held by U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen with finance ministers from borrower and shareholder countries to discuss "ways to maintain momentum to evolve the multilateral development banks to better meet current challenges" at the International Monetary Fund Building, in Washington, D.C., U.S. April 12, 2023. REUTERS/Ken Cedeno 

India's Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Finance Minister of Democratic Republic of the Congo Nicolas Kazadi listen as U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen holds a roundtable with finance ministers from borrower and shareholder countries to discuss "ways to maintain momentum to evolve the multilateral development banks to better meet current challenges" at the International Monetary Fund Building, in Washington, D.C., U.S. April 12, 2023. REUTERS/Ken Cedeno 

U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen holds a roundtable with finance ministers from borrower and shareholder countries to discuss "ways to maintain momentum to evolve the multilateral development banks to better meet current challenges" at the International Monetary Fund Building, in Washington, D.C., U.S. April 12, 2023. REUTERS/Ken Cedeno 

U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen holds a roundtable with finance ministers from borrower and shareholder countries to discuss "ways to maintain momentum to evolve the multilateral development banks to better meet current challenges" at the International Monetary Fund Building, in Washington, D.C., U.S. April 12, 2023. REUTERS/Ken Cedeno 

U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen holds a roundtable with finance ministers from borrower and shareholder countries to discuss "ways to maintain momentum to evolve the multilateral development banks to better meet current challenges" at the International Monetary Fund Building, in Washington, D.C., U.S. April 12, 2023. REUTERS/Ken Cedeno 

U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen holds a roundtable with finance ministers from borrower and shareholder countries to discuss "ways to maintain momentum to evolve the multilateral development banks to better meet current challenges" at the International Monetary Fund Building, in Washington, D.C., U.S. April 12, 2023. REUTERS/Ken Cedeno 

U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen holds a roundtable with finance ministers from borrower and shareholder countries to discuss "ways to maintain momentum to evolve the multilateral development banks to better meet current challenges" at the International Monetary Fund Building, in Washington, D.C., U.S. April 12, 2023. REUTERS/Ken Cedeno 

U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen holds a roundtable with finance ministers from borrower and shareholder countries to discuss "ways to maintain momentum to evolve the multilateral development banks to better meet current challenges" at the International Monetary Fund Building, in Washington, D.C., U.S. April 12, 2023. REUTERS/Ken Cedeno 

A visitor attends the opening of an exhibit with paintings, some never seen in contemporary Spain, by Spanish authors Velazquez, Goya, Murillo and El Greco, borrowed for a temporary exhibition at Madrid's El Prado after the museum reached an agreement with New York's Frick Collection, in Madrid, Spain, March 6, 2023. REUTERS/Violeta Santos Moura 

Visitors attend the opening of an exhibit with paintings, some never seen in contemporary Spain, by Spanish authors Velazquez, Goya, Murillo and El Greco, borrowed for a temporary exhibition at Madrid's El Prado after the museum reached an agreement with New York's Frick Collection, in Madrid, Spain, March 6, 2023. REUTERS/Violeta Santos Moura 

Visitors attend the opening of an exhibit with paintings, some never seen in contemporary Spain, by Spanish authors Velazquez, Goya, Murillo and El Greco, borrowed for a temporary exhibition at Madrid's El Prado after the museum reached an agreement with New York's Frick Collection, in Madrid, Spain, March 6, 2023. REUTERS/Violeta Santos Moura 

Visitors attend the opening of an exhibit with paintings, some never seen in contemporary Spain, by Spanish authors Velazquez, Goya, Murillo and El Greco, borrowed for a temporary exhibition at Madrid's El Prado after the museum reached an agreement with New York's Frick Collection, in Madrid, Spain, March 6, 2023. REUTERS/Violeta Santos Moura 

A visitor attends the opening of an exhibit with paintings, some never seen in contemporary Spain, by Spanish authors Velazquez, Goya, Murillo and El Greco, borrowed for a temporary exhibition at Madrid's El Prado after the museum reached an agreement with New York's Frick Collection, in Madrid, Spain, March 6, 2023. REUTERS/Violeta Santos Moura 

Visitors attend the opening of an exhibit with paintings, some never seen in contemporary Spain, by Spanish authors Velazquez, Goya, Murillo and El Greco, borrowed for a temporary exhibition at Madrid's El Prado after the museum reached an agreement with New York's Frick Collection, in Madrid, Spain, March 6, 2023. REUTERS/Violeta Santos Moura 

Visitors attend the opening of an exhibit with paintings, some never seen in contemporary Spain, by Spanish authors Velazquez, Goya, Murillo and El Greco, borrowed for a temporary exhibition at Madrid's El Prado after the museum reached an agreement with New York's Frick Collection, in Madrid, Spain, March 6, 2023. REUTERS/Violeta Santos Moura 

A car drives next to a board at a bus stop showing a U.S. national debt figure after the U.S. government hit its $31.4 trillion borrowing limit amid a standoff between the Republican-controlled House of Representatives, President Joe Biden and Democratic legislators that could lead to a fiscal crisis in a few months, in Washington, U.S., January 20, 2023. REUTERS/Amanda Andrade-Rhoades TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY 

A car drives next to a board at a bus stop showing a U.S. national debt figure after the U.S. government hit its $31.4 trillion borrowing limit amid a standoff between the Republican-controlled House of Representatives, President Joe Biden and Democratic legislators that could lead to a fiscal crisis in a few months, in Washington, U.S., January 20, 2023. REUTERS/Amanda Andrade-Rhoades 

People cross the street next to a bus stop with a sign that shows a U.S. national debt figure after the U.S. government hit its $31.4 trillion borrowing limit amid a standoff between the Republican-controlled House of Representatives, President Joe Biden and Democratic legislators that could lead to a fiscal crisis in a few months, in Washington, U.S., January 20, 2023. REUTERS/Amanda Andrade-Rhoades 

A notice advertising retail space is seen after the U.S. government hit its $31.4 trillion borrowing limit amid a standoff between the Republican-controlled House of Representatives, President Joe Biden and Democratic legislators that could lead to a fiscal crisis in a few months, in Washington, U.S., January 20, 2023. REUTERS/Amanda Andrade-Rhoades 

A person walks past a sign advertising retail space after the U.S. government hit its $31.4 trillion borrowing limit amid a standoff between the Republican-controlled House of Representatives, President Joe Biden and Democratic legislators that could lead to a fiscal crisis in a few months, in Washington, U.S., January 20, 2023. REUTERS/Amanda Andrade-Rhoades. 

The American flag flies over the U.S. Treasury building, after the U.S. government hit its $31.4 trillion borrowing limit amid a standoff between the Republican-controlled House of Representatives, President Joe Biden and Democratic legislators that could lead to a fiscal crisis in a few months, in Washington, U.S., January 20, 2023.  REUTERS/Jim Bourg 

The U.S. Treasury building is reflected in the window of a souvenir shop, as the U.S. government hit its $31.4 trillion borrowing limit amid a standoff between the Republican-controlled House of Representatives, President Joe Biden and Democratic legislators that could lead to a fiscal crisis in a few months, in Washington, U.S. January 19, 2023. REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY 

Outstanding government debt, nominal gross domestic product and federal limit to borrow 

Outstanding government debt, nominal gross domestic product and federal limit to borrow 

U.S. 10-year Treasury yields, the benchmark for other borrowing rates, spiked in 2022. 

U.S. 10-year Treasury yields, the benchmark for other borrowing rates, spiked in 2022. 

A combination picture shows Manel Peiris, 68, posing in her kitchen, and Peiris displaying her heart medication, amid the country's economic crisis, in Colombo, Sri Lanka, August 2, 2022. "I am a heart patient and have to take medicine every day," she said. "Hospitals used to issue medicine for three months. But with the onset of the economic crisis, hospitals don?t have medicine and so we are asked to buy from pharmacies. But one month's cost is around Rs 3,400 which I can?t afford, so I buy only for one week at a time. Sometimes my husband has to borrow or get an advance from his workplace." REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon SEARCH "KIM COLOMBO ECONOMY" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH "WIDER IMAGE" FOR ALL STORIES. 

A combination picture shows road sweeper W. M. Irangani, 58, posing in front of a Buddhist altar at her house, and her hands as she poses with a coconut oil lamp, amid the country's economic crisis, in Colombo, Sri Lanka, August 4, 2022. "Our water and electricity supplies were disconnected during the COVID-19 crisis but still we had food. But this far, far worse," she said. "I am scared to borrow as I have no way of repaying. Already I am in huge debt. I only pray that this economic crisis improves for all and we have enough food to eat." REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon SEARCH "KIM COLOMBO ECONOMY" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH "WIDER IMAGE" FOR ALL STORIES. 

Road sweeper W. M. Irangani, 58, poses with a coconut oil lamp, amid the country's economic crisis, in Colombo, Sri Lanka, August 4, 2022. "Our water and electricity supplies were disconnected during the COVID-19 crisis but still we had food. But this far, far worse," she said. "I am scared to borrow as I have no way of repaying. Already I am in huge debt. I only pray that this economic crisis improves for all and we have enough food to eat." REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon SEARCH "KIM COLOMBO ECONOMY" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH "WIDER IMAGE" FOR ALL STORIES. 

Road sweeper W. M. Irangani, 58, poses in front of a Buddhist altar at her house, amid the country's economic crisis, in Colombo, Sri Lanka, August 4, 2022. "Our water and electricity supplies were disconnected during the COVID-19 crisis but still we had food. But this far, far worse," she said. "I am scared to borrow as I have no way of repaying. Already I am in huge debt. I only pray that this economic crisis improves for all and we have enough food to eat." REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon SEARCH "KIM COLOMBO ECONOMY" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH "WIDER IMAGE" FOR ALL STORIES. 

Manel Peiris, 68, displays her heart medication, amid the country's economic crisis, in Colombo, Sri Lanka, August 2, 2022. "I am a heart patient and have to take medicine every day," she said. "Hospitals used to issue medicine for three months. But with the onset of the economic crisis, hospitals don't have medicine and so we are asked to buy from pharmacies. But one month's cost is around Rs 3,400 which I can't afford, so I buy only for one week at a time. Sometimes my husband has to borrow or get an advance from his workplace." REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon SEARCH "KIM COLOMBO ECONOMY" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH "WIDER IMAGE" FOR ALL STORIES. TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY 

Manel Peiris, 68, poses in her kitchen, amid the country's economic crisis, in Colombo, Sri Lanka, August 2, 2022. "I am a heart patient and have to take medicine every day," she said. "Hospitals used to issue medicine for three months. But with the onset of the economic crisis, hospitals don't have medicine and so we are asked to buy from pharmacies. But one month's cost is around Rs 3,400 which I can't afford, so I buy only for one week at a time. Sometimes my husband has to borrow or get an advance from his workplace." REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon SEARCH "KIM COLOMBO ECONOMY" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH "WIDER IMAGE" FOR ALL STORIES. 

A motorist drives on the Nairobi Expressway undertaken by the China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis, in Nairobi, Kenya May 20, 2022. REUTERS/Thomas Mukoya 

A motorist drives on the Nairobi Expressway undertaken by the China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis, in Nairobi, Kenya May 20, 2022. REUTERS/Thomas Mukoya 

A view shows the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport toll station on the Expressway undertaken by the China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis, in Nairobi, Kenya May 20, 2022. REUTERS/Thomas Mukoya 

A view shows the Nairobi Expressway undertaken by the China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis, in Nairobi, Kenya May 8, 2022. REUTERS/Thomas Mukoya 

A view shows the Nairobi Expressway undertaken by the China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis, in Nairobi, Kenya May 8, 2022. REUTERS/Thomas Mukoya 

A view shows a toll station on the Expressway undertaken by the China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis, in Nairobi, Kenya May 8, 2022. REUTERS/Thomas Mukoya 

A view shows the Nairobi Expressway undertaken by the China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis, in Nairobi, Kenya May 8, 2022. REUTERS/Thomas Mukoya 

A view shows the Nairobi Expressway undertaken by the China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis, in Nairobi, Kenya May 8, 2022. REUTERS/Thomas Mukoya 

Repeated cycles of borrowing from capital markets, including the International Sovereign Bonds, have made them the largest source of foreign funding for Sri Lanka. 

Sayed Yassin Mosawi, 31, a market porter, poses for a photograph with his family in Bamiyan, Afghanistan, December 22, 2021. "In the winter, we normally borrow what we need from shops or the baker and we repay the loan after two or three months when the work starts getting better," said Yassin Mosawi. "But there have been big changes," he said. "Since the Taliban took over, there is no work, prices have gone up, people have left the country. We have nothing left." REUTERS/Ali Khara SEARCH "KHARA AFGHANISTAN WINTER" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH "WIDER IMAGE" FOR ALL STORIES 

Sayed Yassin Mosawi, 31, a market porter, carries a bucket to collect coal from his yard in Bamiyan, Afghanistan, December 22, 2021. "In the winter, we normally borrow what we need from shops or the baker and we repay the loan after two or three months when the work starts getting better," said Yassin Mosawi. "But there have been big changes," he said. "Since the Taliban took over, there is no work, prices have gone up, people have left the country. We have nothing left." REUTERS/Ali Khara SEARCH "KHARA AFGHANISTAN WINTER" FOR THIS STORY. SEARCH "WIDER IMAGE" FOR ALL STORIES 

Ghislaine Maxwell, the Jeffrey Epstein associate accused of sex trafficking, wearing a borrowed oversize coat sits in front of her brother Kevin Maxwell and sister Isabel Maxwell during a charging conference in a courtroom sketch in New York City, U.S., December 18, 2021. REUTERS/Jane Rosenberg 

Ghislaine Maxwell, the Jeffrey Epstein associate accused of sex trafficking, sits wearing a borrowed oversize coat during a charging conference in a courtroom sketch in New York City, U.S., December 18, 2021. REUTERS/Jane Rosenberg 

A man in a borrowed fireman's helmet takes belongings out of a building after a fuel truck exploded killing dozens of people amid reports that nearby residents had attempted to take fuel from the vehicle before it exploded, in Cap Haitien, Haiti December 15, 2021. REUTERS/Ralph Tedy Erol 

Students line up with their plastic waste to exchange for a borrowed book on the mobile library at a school in Muntang village Purbalingga, Central Java province, Indonesia November 2, 2021. Picture taken November 2, 2021. REUTERS/Ajeng Dinar Ulfiana 

Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) speaks to reporters after a vote on as Senators moved toward trying to pass a stop-gap increase in the Treasury Department's $28.4 trillion borrowing authority on Capitol Hill in Washington October 7, 2021. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts 

Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT) speaks to reporters after a vote on as Senators moved toward trying to pass a stop-gap increase in the Treasury Department's $28.4 trillion borrowing authority on Capitol Hill in Washington October 7, 2021. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts 

Senator Dick Durbin (D-IL) arrives for a vote as Senators moved toward trying to pass a stop-gap increase in the Treasury Department's $28.4 trillion borrowing authority on Capitol Hill in Washington October 7, 2021. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts 

Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) speaks to reporters after a vote on as Senators moved toward trying to pass a stop-gap increase in the Treasury Department's $28.4 trillion borrowing authority on Capitol Hill in Washington October 7, 2021. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts 

Senators Chuck Grassley (R-IA) and Christopher Murphy (D-CT) arrive for a vote on as Senators moved toward trying to pass a stop-gap increase in the Treasury Department's $28.4 trillion borrowing authority on Capitol Hill in Washington October 7, 2021. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts 

Senator Robert Menendez (D-NJ) departs after a vote as Senators moved toward trying to pass a stop-gap increase in the Treasury Department's $28.4 trillion borrowing authority on Capitol Hill in Washington October 7, 2021. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts 

Senator Richard Shelby (R-AL) speaks to reporters as he arrives for a vote as Senators moved toward trying to pass a stop-gap increase in the Treasury Department's $28.4 trillion borrowing authority on Capitol Hill in Washington October 7, 2021. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts 

Senator Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) speaks to reporters after a vote on as Senators moved toward trying to pass a stop-gap increase in the Treasury Department's $28.4 trillion borrowing authority on Capitol Hill in Washington October 7, 2021. REUTERS/Joshua Roberts