Dr. Eric Kandel, Columbia University Professor of Physiology and cell biophysics, psychiatry, biochemistry and molecular biophysics smiles during a news conference in New York, October 9, 2000, after being awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Dr. Kandel, who was recognized for his pioneering work to understand the molecular basis of memory, shares the prize with [Arvid Carlsson of the University of Goteborg, Sweden and Paul Greengard of the Rockefeller University in New York for thieir contributions to the field of neuroscience.